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Home Our Mission Recycling Plastics Air Water Land Lifestyles Economy & Politics Media & Awards What it takes to remove Forever Chemical Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often referred to as "forever chemicals," have garnered significant attention due to their persistence in the environment and potential health implications. In 2024, 3M reached a settlement agreement to pay up to $10.3 billion over 13 years to assist U.S. public water suppliers in addressing PFAS contamination in drinking water . PFAS are synthetic chemicals utilized since the 1940s for their resistance to heat, water, and oil. They are commonly found in products such as non-stick cookware, stain-resistant fabrics, water-repellent coatings, and firefighting foams. Exposure to certain PFAS has been associated with health issues, including kidney and testicular cancer, thyroid disease, low birth weights, immune system dysfunction, and developmental effects in infants and children. Soil Contamination and Remediation If you suspect that your soil is contaminated with PFAS, especially following events like a house fire or firefighting activities, it is crucial to consult environmental professionals or local environmental protection agencies for proper assessment. Remediation of PFAS-contaminated soil is complex, often costly, and should only be conducted by trained specialists. Current remediation methods include: Sorption and Stabilization: This involves adding materials, such as activated carbon, to the soil to immobilize PFAS, reducing their mobility and potential groundwater contamination. Soil Washing: A process that separates contaminants from soil particles, allowing for the removal of PFAS. Thermal Treatment: Heating soil to high temperatures to break down PFAS compounds. Excavation and Disposal: Removing contaminated soil and transporting it to specialized disposal facilities. It's important to note that these methods are still under evaluation for long-term effectiveness, and their applicability can vary based on site-specific conditions. Therefore, attempting any remediation without professional guidance is strongly discouraged. Gardening Considerations For individuals interested in gardening on potentially contaminated soil, simply adding a layer of clean soil may not be sufficient, as PFAS can leach into groundwater and be taken up by plants. To minimize exposure: Use Raised Beds or Containers: Planting in raised beds with clean, imported soil or using containers can reduce the risk of plant uptake of PFAS. Avoid Using Contaminated Water Sources: Refrain from using well water that may be contaminated with PFAS for irrigation purposes. Disclaimer: The information provided here is for educational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional advice. Always consult with qualified environmental professionals and adhere to local regulations when addressing potential PFAS contamination. Sources: 3M Settlement with Public Water Suppliers PFAS Soil Remediation Technologies PFAS Remediation Technologies for Soil and Water Treatment Technologies and Methods for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Absorbing PFAS Pollution

Home Our Mission Recycling Plastics Air Water Land Lifestyles Economy & Politics Media & Awards Preventing Bird Collision 1000 migrating birds killed by colliding into the windows of Mccormick Center in Chicago in October 2023. (Image owned by Chicago Field Museum) In the past, I've shared about migrating birds colliding with windows of high-rises in urban areas. Even though we do not live in these tall buildings, we also experienced three casualties. These 3 incidents occurred in a short period during their migration season. After doing some research, we found a simple and effective solution that has worked for us over the past two years, and I wanted to share it with you all. Solution: Vertical Lines Using a white liquid chalk marker (erasable), we drew vertical lines about 4 inches apart on the inside or outside of our windows. Birds are hesitant to fly through vertical gaps, and this simple trick has prevented any further incidents. This is the brand we purchased. But any brand or erasable window markers should work. https://www.amazon.com/.../dp/B0892XMPPJ/ref=sr_1_3_sspa ... Since applying this method, we've had zero bird collisions. If you're facing a similar issue, I highly recommend giving it a try! Draw white lines with an erasable marker. The previous article "Protecting bird-migration from building collisions": The case for lights out in urban skylines" Bird collisions with buildings, known as "bird strikes," occur due to reflections, light pollution, transparent surfaces, habitat loss in urban areas, attractants like lights inside buildings, and certain architectural designs such as large mirror exteriors. These collisions are most common during bird migration seasons, posing a threat to bird populations. Efforts like Lights Out programs aim to reduce these risks and protect birds by encouraging building owners to turn off decorative lights during migration periods. Recently, a news reported that almost 1,000 migrating birds met a tragic end as they collided with the glass-covered McCormick Place Lakeside Center, a convention center in downtown Chicago in A SINGLE NIGHT!! (Refer to the attached photo: The Chicago Field Museum inspects the bodies of migrating birds that were killed when they flew into the windows of the McCormick Place Lakeside Center.) The bird collisions are common. At the height of the fall bird migration season in North America, approximately 4 billion birds will traverse urban environments on their journey south to winter habitats. Unfortunately, millions of these birds will never reach their intended destinations, falling victim to fatal collisions with buildings. These collisions pose an additional threat to bird populations already stressed by habitat loss, predation, and other factors. The good news is that studies suggest dimming and turning off lights at night significantly reduces bird collisions. "Lights Out" campaigns have proven successful in various cities worldwide, and individuals can contribute by following bird migration forecasts, supporting local policies, and backing birding groups working on large-scale solutions. Recent legal initiatives, like the Migratory Local Wildlife Protection Act, mandate bird-friendly glass for new buildings and renovations. To prevent bird collisions, high-rise buildings can adopt Lights Out practices, which involve turning off decorative lighting on upper floors after 11 p.m. and keeping them off until dawn. This strategy is especially crucial during bird migration seasons, from March 15 to June 15 for spring migration and from August 15 to November 15 for fall migration. Residents of upper floors are encouraged to participate, and the guidelines apply to buildings with 40 or more stories and isolated buildings with 20 or more stories. Additionally, shorter buildings with extensive glass exteriors can aid bird safety by extinguishing exterior and interior lighting or drawing blinds during the same migration periods. For buildings featuring illuminated atria, reducing atrium lighting in the early morning hours can also help. Research recommends turning off lights (or drawing blinds) in all perimeter office and residential spaces on all floors from 4 a.m. until full daylight during Lights Out migration periods to minimize bird-window collisions as birds descend after their migratory journey. Sources: https://www.birdmonitors.net/Products.php https://sacajaweaaudubon.org/bird-safe-windows/ https://www.npr.org/.../nearly-1-000-migrating-birds-died ... https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0224164 https://birdmapper-flap.hub.arcgis.com/pages/gbcm-guide https://www.smithsonianmag.com/.../turning-off-your.../ ....

Home Our Mission Recycling Plastics Air Water Land Lifestyles Economy & Politics Media & Awards Hydroclimate Whiplash and Wildfire Recent research warns that hydroclimate whiplash—rapid shifts between extreme wet and dry periods—coupled with a drying atmosphere due to climate change, is significantly increasing the risk of wildfires. During wet periods, heavy rainfall encourages the growth of lush vegetation, which, when followed by dry conditions, turns into highly flammable fuel. This cycle of wet-to-dry transitions creates ideal conditions for intense, fast-spreading wildfires. At the same time, a warmer atmosphere is increasing evaporation rates, reducing the land's ability to retain moisture, and further drying out vegetation. This feedback loop—where dry conditions lead to more flammable vegetation, which then fuels larger fires—makes landscapes more vulnerable to both droughts and wildfires. In places like California, this cycle is becoming more frequent, with climate change intensifying the severity of these conditions. To combat this, experts call for adaptation strategies, including better water management, fire prevention efforts, and climate action to curb the rising temperatures driving these dangerous patterns. Without swift action, wildfire risks will continue to grow, threatening both ecosystems and human communities. Sources: https://newsroom.ucla.edu/.../floods-droughts-fires ... https://phys.org/.../2025-01-links-dry-atmosphere-sponge ... www.nature.com Hydroclimate volatility on a warming Earth - Nature Reviews Earth & Environment Rapid transitions between extreme wet and extreme dry conditions — ‘hydroclimate whiplash’ — have marked environmental and societal impacts. This Review outlines observed and projected changes in hydroclimate whiplash, suggesting that subseasonal and interannual volatility will increase markedly with ongoing warming. 1/10/2025

Home Our Mission Recycling Plastics Air Water Land Lifestyles Economy & Politics Media & Awards What Birds Tell Us About Climate Change Birds have long served as nature’s messengers, offering vital insights into the health of our planet. Today, they are sending an urgent warning: climate change is pushing many species toward the brink of extinction. The increasing frequency of extreme weather, habitat destruction, and shifting ecosystems are dramatically altering bird populations worldwide. Research from organizations like the National Audubon Society, the American Bird Conservancy, and Nature Canada reveals that if global temperatures continue to rise, nearly two-thirds of North American bird species are at risk. Climate Change is Reshaping Bird Habitats and Migration As temperatures rise and weather patterns shift, birds are being forced to adapt. Many species depend on specific environmental conditions, and even slight disruptions can have severe consequences. Audubon’s research shows that warming temperatures are altering bird habitats at an alarming rate. Coastal erosion, rising sea levels, and forest loss threaten nesting and feeding grounds. The American Bird Conservancy (ABC) has observed shifts in migration patterns, with many species traveling earlier or later than usual. This mismatch between migration timing and food availability can significantly impact survival rates. Nature Canada warns that birds like the Snowy Owl and Common Loon, which depend on boreal forests and wetlands, are struggling as these ecosystems change due to global warming. For some birds, adaptation is nearly impossible, leading to sharp population declines. Extreme Weather and Habitat Destruction Are Devastating Bird Populations Climate change is intensifying extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, wildfires, and heatwaves, all of which have catastrophic effects on birds. Stronger storms can destroy entire colonies of seabirds, while rising temperatures force many species to move to higher altitudes or latitudes, where suitable habitats are shrinking. Droughts and wildfires threaten waterfowl, songbirds, and grassland birds by reducing food and nesting areas. Urban expansion and deforestation further shrink habitats, leaving birds with fewer safe places to breed and rest. Without intervention, these challenges will only worsen, accelerating the decline of many vulnerable species. Disrupted Food Chains Threaten Bird Survival Climate change is causing disruptions in the food web, making it harder for birds to find food. Warmer temperatures are reducing insect populations , which many birds rely on for sustenance. Swallows, flycatchers, and other insectivores are particularly affected. Ocean warming and acidification are depleting fish stocks , impacting seabirds such as puffins and pelicans. Changes in plant blooming cycles are affecting nectar availability, putting hummingbirds and pollinators at risk. These shifts make it harder for birds to reproduce and survive, leading to declining populations. Can Birds Adapt? Some Will—Many Won’t While certain birds can adjust to changing conditions, many specialized species face a grim future. Generalist species , like pigeons and crows, have shown resilience in urban environments. Specialist birds , such as the Piping Plover and Kirtland’s Warbler, struggle due to their dependence on specific habitats and food sources. The ability to adapt depends on factors like genetic diversity, habitat availability, and the speed of environmental change. Unfortunately, for many birds, the pace of climate change is simply too rapid to allow for successful adaptation. What Can Be Done? Conservation and Climate Action Despite the grim outlook, conservation efforts can still make a difference. Organizations like Audubon, ABC, and Nature Canada emphasize the need for immediate action, including: Reducing carbon emissions to slow global warming and protect critical bird habitats. Preserving and restoring natural areas such as wetlands, forests, and grasslands to provide birds with safe nesting and feeding grounds. Supporting bird-friendly policies , including stronger climate laws and sustainable urban planning. Engaging in citizen science projects , such as bird monitoring programs, to collect valuable data that can inform conservation efforts. Conclusion: Birds Are Sounding the Alarm—Will We Listen? Birds are among the most sensitive indicators of climate change, and their struggles reflect the broader environmental crisis facing our planet. Without immediate action, many species could disappear forever. However, by recognizing the warnings birds are giving us and taking meaningful steps to reduce our environmental impact, we can help protect both their future and our own. The time to act is now—before it’s too late. Resources : naturecanada.ca How climate change is affecting birds - Nature Canada Conclusions Climate change is now affecting bird species’ behaviour, ranges and population dynamics; Some bird species are already experiencing negative impacts; and In the future, climate change will put large numbers of birds at risk of extinction. www.audubon.org What Birds Tell Us About Climate Change's Threats Just in time for COP21, a new international report shows how a warming world harms birds—and what needs to be done to save them. abcbirds.org How Does Climate Change Impact Birds? Bird populations are declining around the world. And while many factors contribute — from habitat loss to pesticides, outdoor cats, and window collisions

Home Our Mission Recycling Plastics Air Water Land Lifestyles Economy & Politics Media & Awards LAND < Back The Flower-Architect Bees Osmia avosetta, a unique species of solitary bee, builds its nests from flower petals. These bees carefully select colorful petals and carry them in their mandibles to craft delicate, cocoon-like nests in the ground. Once lined with petals, the nests are filled with pollen and nectar for their larvae, then sealed with more petals and mud for protection. Check out these photos!! Sources: https://www.researchgate.net/.../Female-of-Osmia-avosetta ... https://www.designboom.com/.../special-bee-makes.../

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Home Our Mission Recycling Plastics Air Water Land Lifestyles Economy & Politics Media & Awards GenCast, an AI-driven weather forecasting model DeepMind's recent development of GenCast, an AI-driven weather forecasting model, marks a significant advancement in meteorology. GenCast offers enhanced accuracy and efficiency in predicting weather patterns up to 15 days in advance, outperforming traditional forecasting systems. Enhanced Accuracy and Extended Forecasting GenCast has demonstrated superior performance compared to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts' (ECMWF) Ensemble Prediction System (ENS). In evaluations, GenCast surpassed ENS in over 97% of forecast targets, achieving a 99.8% accuracy rate for predictions beyond 36 hours. This level of precision is particularly beneficial for anticipating extreme weather events, such as hurricanes and tropical cyclones, providing critical lead time for preparations. Efficiency and Computational Advantages One of GenCast's notable strengths is its rapid forecast generation. Utilizing Google's Cloud TPUs, GenCast produces predictions in approximately eight minutes, significantly faster than the hours required by traditional methods. This efficiency not only accelerates the forecasting process but also reduces computational resource demands. Integration and Future Prospects The ECMWF has recognized GenCast's potential, integrating aspects of its approach into their own AI systems operational since June 2024. While GenCast represents a substantial leap forward, experts advocate for a hybrid approach that combines traditional physics-based models with machine learning techniques to address uncertainties and enhance reliability. Sources: https://deepmind.google/discover/blog/gencast-predicts-weather-and-the-risks-of-extreme-conditions-with-sota-accuracy/

Home Our Mission Recycling Plastics Air Water Land Lifestyles Economy & Politics Media & Awards The Bald Eagle’s Remarkable Comeback: A Conservation Success Story Bald Eagle Once on the brink of extinction, the bald eagle , the national bird of the United States, has made an extraordinary comeback, thanks to decades of conservation efforts and environmental protection. By the mid-20th century, the bald eagle population had plummeted due to hunting, habitat destruction, and the harmful effects of the pesticide DDT , which weakened their eggshells and caused reproductive failures. At one point, bald eagles were listed as endangered species, with fewer than 500 breeding pairs left in the continental U.S. The turnaround began in 1972, when the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned DDT, which was a major factor in the eagle's decline. The Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act (1940) also provided legal protection for the species, making it illegal to harm, hunt, or capture eagles. Additionally, wildlife agencies worked tirelessly to protect bald eagle habitats, especially along rivers and lakes where they nest. Efforts included setting up safe zones, restoring forested areas, and promoting the cleaning of rivers to maintain healthy ecosystems. Thanks to these initiatives, bald eagles began to recover. By the early 2000s, their population had increased significantly, and in 2007, the bald eagle was officially removed from the endangered species list . As of recent estimates, there are now over 300,000 bald eagles in North America, with a stable population continuing to grow each year. The return of the bald eagle has become a symbol of environmental resilience and the power of conservation. These majestic birds can now be found soaring over lakes, rivers, and coastal areas across the U.S., from Alaska to Florida, and their recovery has inspired numerous other conservation efforts for endangered species. Their story proves that with proper protection and a concerted effort, we can reverse the damage done to our natural world and restore balance to ecosystems. Sources: Bald Eagles Thriving in the United States: A Conservation Success Story U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service – Bald Eagle Recovery National Geographic – Bald Eagle Comeback Audubon – The Bald Eagle's Remarkable Recovery

Home Our Mission Recycling Plastics Air Water Land Lifestyles Economy & Politics Media & Awards LAND < Back Can plants cry? Plants Under Stress Cry (and some animals may be able to detect the sound)!! Plants can emit ultrasonic sounds, similar to the popping of bubble wrap, when they are stressed or lack water. These sounds, are inaudible to humans but detectable by certain animals. Researchers recorded these sounds from tomato and tobacco plants by developing a machine-learning model capable of identifying the sounds that stressed plants produced, with a 70% accuracy rate. They observed that the stressed plants could produce up to 35 sounds per hour, while well-hydrated and uncut plants typically generated only about one sound per hour. These sounds fall within the ultrasonic range, ranging from 20 to 100 kilohertz, rendering them imperceptible to most humans. Nonetheless, the study also suggests that other animals might theoretically perceive these sounds from a distance of approximately 10 to 15 feet. Detecting sounds The researchers hypothesize that these sounds result from the formation and rupture of air bubbles within the xylem, the plant's water and nutrient transport system. When water is scarce, bubbles are more likely to form, creating a popping noise. Therefore, this discovery holds the potential to enhance irrigation efficiency through the use of microphones to detect when plants require water. The implications of this research may hold significant promise for agriculture and horticulture. Audio monitoring of plants could offer an efficient means of identifying water-stressed plants, facilitating targeted watering practices and potentially reducing water consumption. Preliminary investigations suggest that other crops, such as wheat, corn, and wine grapes, also produce sounds when experiencing thirst. Exploring the possibility Beyond its practical applications, the study raises intriguing questions about the role of plant sounds in ecosystems. Although it remains unclear if these sounds constitute a form of communication, they could prove valuable for nearby creatures, potentially influencing their behavior. Interestingly, Hadany’s team has previously found that plants can respond to sounds produced by animals, like the buzzing of bees, by releasing sweeter nectar. Could plant sounds serve as a means for plants to communicate with each other and with the animals in their vicinity? Can animals use these sounds to locate water sources or food? The evidence remains inconclusive, necessitating further research to explore these questions. Sources: https://www.sciencenews.org/.../plant-stress-ultrasonic ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kG6wRUZeYE

Review the terms and conditions for using the Connecting The Dots Project (CTDP) website. Understand your rights, responsibilities, and our policies to ensure a secure and transparent experience while accessing our resources and services. Home Our Mission Recycling Plastics Air Water Land Lifestyles Economy & Politics Media & Awards Privacy & Safety Privacy Policy for Free Exchange Website Last Updated: 1/8/2025 1. Introduction This Privacy Policy describes how the website collects, uses, and protects the personal information of its users (referred to as "you" or "users"). We are committed to respecting your privacy and protecting your personal information when you use our services. 2. Information We Collect 2.1. Information You Provide: We collect the information you provide when you use our website, such as when you register an account, create listings for items, send or receive messages, and engage in exchanges. This information may include your name, email address, contact information, and any content you provide. 2.2. Automatically Collected Information: We may collect certain information automatically, including your IP address, browser type, device information, and usage data. We may use cookies and similar technologies to collect this information. You can manage your cookie preferences through your browser settings. 3. Use of Information We use the collected information for the following purposes: 3.1. To Provide and Improve Our Services: We use your information to offer, maintain, and improve our services, including facilitating exchanges, enhancing user experience, and developing new features. 3.2. Communication: We may use your contact information to send you important updates, notifications, and other communications related to your account and our services. 3.3. Customer Support: Your information may be used to provide customer support and address any inquiries, concerns, or issues you may have. 3.4. Marketing: With your consent, we may use your information to send you promotional materials and offers. You can opt-out of these communications at any time. 4. Data Sharing 4.1. User-to-User Interaction: When you engage in exchanges on our platform, your information may be shared with other users involved in the exchange, such as your name. 4.2. Third-Party Service Providers: We may use third-party service providers to help us operate and improve our services. These providers may have access to your information, but they are obligated to protect it. 4.3. Legal Compliance: We may disclose your information if required by law or to protect our rights, property, or safety, or the rights, property, or safety of others. 5. Data Security We implement reasonable security measures to protect your personal information, but no method of transmission over the internet or electronic storage is completely secure. We cannot guarantee the absolute security of your data. 6. Your Choices You can exercise the following choices regarding your personal information: 6.1. Access and Correction: You can access and update your personal information through your account settings. 6.2. Account Deletion: You can delete your account at any time. Please note that certain information may be retained for legal or administrative purposes. 6.3. Marketing Communications: You can opt-out of receiving marketing communications from us. 7. Changes to this Privacy Policy We may update this Privacy Policy to reflect changes in our practices or for other operational, legal, or regulatory reasons. We will notify you of any changes through our website or other means. Your continued use of our services after such updates indicates your acceptance of the revised Privacy Policy. 8. Contact Information If you have questions or concerns about this Privacy Policy, please contact us at ctdpchicago@gmail.com . By using our services, you acknowledge that you have read, understood, and agreed to this Privacy Policy. Also check out our Terms & Conditions and Code of Conduct.

Home Our Mission Recycling Plastics Air Water Land Lifestyles Economy & Politics Media & Awards Comparison: central air, window AC, portable AC, and fans Energy consumption: 1) Central Air Conditioning (AC): Approx. 3500 watts of electricity per day 2) AC window unit: between 600 and 1500 watts 3) Ceiling fan: 30-50 watts 4) Smaller box fans (≤10 inches): 25-30 watts at the maximum air speed setting 5) Larger box fans (20 inches): Avg. 80-100 watts, although they range from 50 to 200 watts. Mechanism differences: Fans create a breeze that promotes moisture evaporation from your skin, providing a cooling effect. On the other hand, air conditioners draw in heat from the environment, cool it through an evaporation process, and release the heat outside, effectively reducing the room temperature. Cooling efficiency: While fans are energy-efficient, there are limitations to their effectiveness. Fans do not lower overall humidity levels and can increase dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to accelerated evaporation. According to CDC, "When the temperature is in the mid-90s or higher, electric fans will not prevent heat-related illness". Air conditioners, despite their higher energy consumption, are the preferred choice when temperatures soar above 90 F. (90F is the suggested temperature by CDC but keep in mind and be extra cautious as it would depend on factors such as your age, health condition, and heat tolerance level.) They effectively cool larger areas, reduce humidity, and promote efficient heat dissipation from your body. Keep in mind that indoor temperatures can significantly differ from the weather report due to various factors such as building structure, energy usage, sun exposure, humidity, ventilation, location, environment, vegetation, and occupancy. Also, heat stroke is serious and can be deadly so YOUR SAFETY SHOULD ALWAYS BE NUMBER ONE PRIORITY. Stay cool during heatwaves, wear sunscreen, hydrate yourself, and make an informed decision when selecting your cooling companion! Sources: https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/pubs/extreme-heat-guidebook.pdf https://www.batteryequivalents.com/box-fan-wattage-how ... https://reviewed.usatoday.com/.../air-conditioners-vs ...

Home Our Mission Recycling Plastics Air Water Land Lifestyles Economy & Politics Media & Awards Hottest Summer Yet Energy consumption: 1) Central Air Conditioning (AC): Approx. 3500 watts of electricity per day 2) AC window unit: between 600 and 1500 watts 3) Ceiling fan: 30-50 watts 4) Smaller box fans (≤10 inches): 25-30 watts at the maximum air speed setting 5) Larger box fans (20 inches): Avg. 80-100 watts, although they range from 50 to 200 watts. Mechanism differences: Fans create a breeze that promotes moisture evaporation from your skin, providing a cooling effect. On the other hand, air conditioners draw in heat from the environment, cool it through an evaporation process, and release the heat outside, effectively reducing the room temperature. Cooling efficiency: While fans are energy-efficient, there are limitations to their effectiveness. Fans do not lower overall humidity levels and can increase dehydration and electrolyte imbalances due to accelerated evaporation. According to CDC, "When the temperature is in the mid-90s or higher, electric fans will not prevent heat-related illness". Air conditioners, despite their higher energy consumption, are the preferred choice when temperatures soar above 90 F. (90F is the suggested temperature by CDC but keep in mind and be extra cautious as it would depend on factors such as your age, health condition, and heat tolerance level.) They effectively cool larger areas, reduce humidity, and promote efficient heat dissipation from your body. Keep in mind that indoor temperatures can significantly differ from the weather report due to various factors such as building structure, energy usage, sun exposure, humidity, ventilation, location, environment, vegetation, and occupancy. Also, heat stroke is serious and can be deadly so YOUR SAFETY SHOULD ALWAYS BE NUMBER ONE PRIORITY. Stay cool during heatwaves, wear sunscreen, hydrate yourself, and make an informed decision when selecting your cooling companion! Sources: https://www.cdc.gov/climateandhealth/pubs/extreme-heat-guidebook.pdf https://www.batteryequivalents.com/box-fan-wattage-how ... https://reviewed.usatoday.com/.../air-conditioners-vs ...