Understanding Resin Identification Codes (RICs)

Understanding Resin Identification Codes (RICs)

Download the identification chart. 

The numbered symbols inside triangles on plastic bottles and containers were originally introduced by the Society of the Plastics Industry (SPI) and are now maintained by ASTM International (ASTM D7611). While they were not initially designed as recycling codes, they help sort plastics for recycling purposes. Different municipalities and private recycling companies collect various types of plastics, so it’s essential to check local guidelines.

There are seven primary types of plastics. Typically, most recyclers accept plastics labeled as #1 (PET) and #2 (HDPE). Plastics marked #3 to #6 are more challenging to recycle, though some facilities accept them. #7 plastics encompass a variety of materials, some of which are difficult to recycle or contain additives like BPA.

Samples of Embossed Identification

Resin identification codes are generally embossed on the bottom of plastic containers.

Plastic Types and Their Properties

01 – PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate)

PET is known for its clarity, strength, and lightweight properties. It is highly recyclable, but primarily designed for single-use applications. Repeated use or exposure to heat can increase the risk of chemical leaching, such as antimony, particularly with acidic or hot liquids.

02 – HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene)

HDPE is widely used in milk jugs, detergent bottles, and shampoo containers. It is one of the safest and most recyclable plastics, often repurposed into composite wood, plastic lumber, and other products.

03 – PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)

PVC is found in plastic food wrapping, pipes, and some medical supplies. Most municipal recycling programs do not accept it. Avoid reusing PVC for food storage, as it may contain harmful chemicals that can leach over time.

04 – LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene)

LDPE is flexible, resistant to chemicals, and commonly found in plastic bags, shrink wraps, and squeeze bottles. While it is considered safe, exposure to high temperatures may cause chemical leaching. LDPE is recyclable, but many curbside programs do not accept it.

05 – PP (Polypropylene)

PP is used in margarine and yogurt containers, chip bags, and straws. It is generally considered safe for reuse and is recyclable in some programs.

06 – PS (Polystyrene)

Polystyrene, found in Styrofoam™ cups, takeout containers, and packing peanuts, is lightweight and breaks down into microplastics. While technically recyclable, most municipal programs do not accept it. Styrene, a component of polystyrene, is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a possible human carcinogen, particularly when heated.

07 – Other (Polycarbonate, Bioplastics, BPA-Containing Plastics)

This category includes a mix of plastics such as polycarbonate (PC), bioplastics (PLA), and multi-layer composites. Some #7 plastics contain BPA, which has been linked to endocrine disruption, though not all #7 plastics contain BPA.

Common Applications of Polycarbonate (PC):

• Machinery guards

• LED light pipes and diffusers

• Vehicle headlights

• Bullet-resistant glass

Bioplastics such as PLA (Polylactic Acid), also labeled as #7, are compostable in industrial settings but not recyclable through standard programs.

Important Notes

• Battery Disposal: If plastic items contain battery components, remove and dispose of them in a designated battery recycling bin.

• Check Local Programs: Recycling rules vary by region, so consult your local waste management facility for specific guidelines.

By following proper identification and disposal methods, we can minimize plastic waste and its environmental impact.

Sources: ASTM International, EPA, acplasticsinco.com, healthline.com, almanac.com, factsaboutbpa.org